| | http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume23/Araceae-MO_coauthoring.htm
中國植物志
魔芋屬全文
準備字典吧
20. AMORPHOPHALLUS Blume ex Decaisne
Ä¢ÓóÊô mo yu shu
Li Heng (Àîºã); Wilbert Hettercheid
[This is far, far, far too long!!!] Perennial small to massive terrestrial plants, herbaceous, stem subterranean, rarely a chain of tuber or rhizomatous; tuber globose, subglobose, depressed-globose, saucer-shaped or vertically elongate and then unbranched or branched, representing one module and being renewed each season; chains consisting of tubers not being renewed every season; rhizomes long, terete, creeping, irregularly moniliform, or cylindric, horizontal or ascending, consisting of several modules of different ages, not being renewed every season; offset not developed on the rhizomes; but offsets usually development on the tuber or on the chain of tubers, spindle-shaped, shortly elongate or rhizomatous. Leaf usually solitary, rare paired or several, emerging from the top of the tuber or the rhizome, lasting one growing season or rarely long-lasting; petiole terete, rarely angular, smooth, callously grooved or partly rugulose, rarely entirely verrucose or hairy, unicolorous or variously blotched; lamina decompound [=?] and divided in three main branches; main branches equally long or the anterior main branch shorter than the posterior main branches (subpedate); leaf rachises unbranched, overtopped or once or more pseudodichotomously branched; rachises naked, narrowly or broadly winged and often carrying supernumerary leaflets on the proximal parts; sometimes bulbils develop on the leaves; either epiphyllous, intercalary, or semiepiphyllous; distal leaflets obovate, elliptic, elongate-elliptic, elongate, oblong, lanceolate or linear, sessile or rarely petiolate, bash often asymmetric and decurrent on one side, apex acute, acuminate or rarely caudate, margin entire, rarely erose, often undulate, upper side green or dark green, rarely with reddish margin or variegation. Inflorescence epigeal, rarely partly buried, solitary or simultaneous with or directly preceding leaf development, rarely emerging after leaf development, peduncle short or long, often sculptured and patterned as petiole, when short often elongating in fruit; spathe elongate-triangular, triangular or ovate to broadly ovate, variously-shaped, often cymbiform of campanulate, more rarely funnel-shaped, outside variously colored but often shades of brownish purple or whitish green, inside mostly paler than outside but base within often dark maroon; base convolute, rarely open or connate, not or clearly separated from the limb by a constriction, oval, rounded, urceolate or funnel-shaped in longitudinal section, inside smooth or clothed with ridges or warts, the latter small or large, short or hairlike, sometimes forming ridges; limb rim-shaped or broadly or elongate triangular, erect, spreading, oblique, or fornicate, margin entire, erect, spreading, oblique, or fornicate, margin entire or rarely lobed, flat, undulate, or plicate, apex acute, rarely acuminate or rarely caudate; spadix sessile or shortly stipitate, shorter than, equaling or longer than spathe; female zone cylindric, fusiform, conic or obconic, contiguous with male zone or separated by a sterile zone, flowers congested or rarely distant, sometimes surrounded by staminodes; sterile zone consisting or staminodes, rarely mixed with pistillodes, rarely partly or entirely naked; male zone cylindric, fusiform, conic or obconic, flowers congested, rarely distant, often variously fused in the upper part of the zone, sometimes fused into vertical rows of helically or verticillate, sometimes mixed with staminodes; appendix rarely absent, contiguous with male zone or separated by a constriction or a short stipe, erect, fusiform, triangular, myosuroid, ovate, subglobose or globose, sometimes with large longitudinal folds or deep cracks, surface smooth rugulose, or with distinct, variously-shaped staminodes, often only at the base, often warming up during female anthesis and spreading strong scents, sometimes emitting droplets of a clear fluid, apex acute or obtuse, wall thin of massive, inside a narrow canal or a large cavity; female flowers consisting of one pistil; ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, globose, subglobose, depressed or ovate, rounded or angulate in cross-section, 1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-locular, one ovule per locule, basifixed, or rarely axillary ca. halfway up the ovary; style present of absent, cylindric or rarely slightly conic or obconic, clearly separated from the ovary or less so, equaling or shorter or longer than ovary, sometimes with apical projections extending beyond the stigma; stigma indistinct or large, terminal or rarely subterminal globose, hemispheric, concave or flattened, entire or various lobed, surface spongy, papillate, scabrid or echinate, during anthesis covered with a sticky fluid; male flowers consisting of (1-)3 to 6(-8) stamens, stamens depressed or elongate; filaments present or nearly absent, massive or rarely thin, separate or partly or entirely fused within one flower anthers short or elongate, rarely subglobose or globose, truncate, rarely rounded, connective indistinct or massive, sometimes with one or more projections, pores apical, rarely lateral or subterminal, rounded, reniform or elongate; staminodes of sterile zone shieldlike, globose or hairlike, those on the appendix shieldlike, hairlike, rounded or conic warts, echinate, sulcate or papillae. Pollen globose or elliptic, exine rarely absent, psilate striate, foveolate, etc. Infructescence usually long-pedunculate, rarely short-pedunculate, fruiting part globose or elongate; berries globose or elongate orange-red, white, white-and-yellow, blue; seeds globose, subglobose, ovoid, or ellipsoid, usually with a distinct raphe.
About 170 species in the paleotropics, from Western Africa, to Australia and Polynesia; 21 species are found in China.
About 13 species from China are used by ethnic minorities as traditional edible and medicinal plants. Chinese people started to use konjac (tuber of Amorphophallus) can be traced back to 1500 years ago. The present studies indicate that the corms of Amorphophallus contain very rich protein and anima acids, most of them is necessary for human life. Now conj. is considered as the healthy food and the conj. production is widely developing in China and Japan.
1a. Peduncle distinct shorter than spathe.
2a. Spathe oblique campanulate, apex acuminate, spreading then reflexed; appendix dark violet, yellowish, longer than 16 cm.
3a. Spathe nearly equaling spadix; appendix stout, 163.5-4.5 cm 18. A. nanus
3b. Spathe (9-23 cm) distinct shorter than spadix (20-45 cm); appendix slender and long,15-36 cm 19. A. henryi
2b. Spathe not oblique campanulate.
4a. Peduncle echinate-verrucose; spadix sessile; limb spreading, lotus-leaflike, strong undulate; appendix irregularly globose-conic, up to 2020 cm
20. A. paeoniifolius
4b. Peduncle smooth (3.5 cm); spadix stipitate; stipe of 2 cm long; spathe oblong, cymbiform, 124-4.5 cm; appendix conic, 51.2 cm 21. A. stipitatus
1b. Peduncle longer or equaling the spathe.
5a. Rhizome woody, elongate, or forming a chain of tubers, not renewed every season; evergreen herbs; flowering with leaves; each leave usually alive for 2-3 years.
6a. Rhizome depressed-globose, persistent, chained with others to form a pseudorhizome; spadix (11-19.5 cm) much longer than spathe (7-11.5 cm); appendix narrow conic, 8-13 cm 4. A. arnautovii
6b. Rhizome elongate, horizontal.
7a. Rhizome branched, 25 cm long, 5 cm diam.; spadix much longer than spathe; appendix slender, 20-38 cm long 1. A. hayi
7b. Rhizome moniliform, consisting of several modules.
8a. Leaf blade no bulbils; peduncle green, no variegation; spadix equaling or shortly exceeding the spathe, ca. 10-15 cm 2. A. pingbianensis
8b. Leaf blade proceeding bulbils at the center and the base of secondary rachises; peduncle light green with grayish variegations; spadix longer than spathe, spadix,10-12 cm; spathe 6-12 cm long 3. A. coaetaneus
5b. Tuber depressed-globose; flowering before leave.
9a. Spadix distinct longer than or equaling spathe.
10a. Spadix distinct longer than spathe; appendix purple, long conic; spathe oblique funnel-shaped. cymbiform.
11a. Appendix, densely hirsute, 25-37 cm long 5. A. hirtus
11b. Appendix glabrous, 20-35 cm long 6. A. konjac
10b. Spadix nearly equaling spathe.
12a. Spathe funnel-shaped, apex long acuminate, reflexed. spadix long conic or fusiform, sterile part of spadix absent.
13a. Appendix glabrous, yellowish, 5.5-8 cm long 7. A mellii
13b. Appendix blackish or dark green, with tiny green spots, naked or with some purple hairlike staminodes 8. A. kuisianus
12b. Spathe cymbiform, apex acute, recurved, never reflexed, green; spadix cylindric; between male and female zones sterile zone present.
14a. Petiole and peduncle green, shorter, 30-40 cm long; sterile zone of spadix 1 cm, yellow 10. A. albus
14b. Petiole and peduncle green with oblong dark green spots, 70 cm long; sterile zone white, more than 1.8 cm long 10. A. krausei
9b. Spadix shorter than spathe; spathe cymbiform; appendix shortly conic, ovate, cylindric.
15a. Bulbils present on the leaf blade; petiole and peduncle green, not spotted; spathe cymbiform, flesh colored; appendix short conic, 1.5-2.8cm 11. A. yuloensis
15b. Bulbils absent on the leaf blade; petiole and peduncle green, gray with spots.
16a. Appendix surface globose.
17a. Appendix short conic, cylindric, apex truncate, 7.5-8.5 cm long, surface distinctly cerebriform-rugulose 12. A. corrugatus
17b. Appendix short conic, ovate, ca. 3 cm long; surface with large longitudinal folds 13. A. kachinensis
16b. Appendix surface smooth, not rugulose.
18a. Appendix densely echinate, producing a scent of fresh carrots; spadix 8-20 cm long 14. A. odoratus
18b. Appendix smooth, not echinate.
19a. Appendix pinkish violet, short conic, 3.8-51.6-2.5 cm 15. A. yunnanensis
19b. Appendix grayish white or yellowish.
20a. Appendix grayish white, narrowly conic, 62 cm 16. A. tonkinensis
20b. Appendix yellowish, long ovate, 4.5-141.5-6 cm 17. A. dunnii
1. Amorphophallus hayi Wilbert Hetterscheid, Blumea 39: 258. 1994.
ºìºÓÄ¢Óó hong he mo yu
Rhizome horizontal, branching infrequently, persistent, to ca. 25 cm long and 5 cm in diam., internodes 1-1.3 cm long, offset tubers long-lasting, depressed, broadly attached, roots mainly developed from the ventral side. Leaf solitary, or paired, or simultaneous with inflorescence, the latter emerging from the petiole sheath; petiole ca. 40-60 cm long, ca. 1-1.5 cm in diam., smooth, moderately glossy, background color dirty grayish green but nearly totally hidden by large, oval, confluent, reddish brown spots; lamina 50-70 cm in diam., anterior segment less strongly developed than posterior one; leaflets lanceolate, 8-32 cm long, 2.5-7 cm in diam., acuminate, margin crispate-undulate, upper side moderately glossy green, venation quite strongly impressed, lower side pale green. Inflorescence solitary or with leaf, long-pedunculate; peduncle ca. 50 cm long, 1.5 cm in diam. at the base, smooth, reddish brown, to yellowish brown, densely covered with dark reddish brown, elongate-oval, often confluent spots; spathe ovate, erect, funnel-shaped, margin involute, upper 3rd part horizontally spreading, lower part loosely convolute, base (tube part) and limb not differentiated, 16-20 cm long, 12-15 cm in diam., top narrowly acute, outside base very pale purplish brown on a creamy background, with numerous, small and slightly larger, punctiform, rounded, partly confluent, dark purplish brown spots, upper part outside dirty cream with less numerous rounded spots but numerous tiny ones, to the margin flushed with gray, inside base dark maroon, upper part creamy with few tiny dark purple spots, to the margin flushed with dirty dark brownish green, base within with very shallow, interconnected ridges. Spadix shortly stipitate, longer than spathe, 20-80 cm long; appendix sessile, creamy, narrowly conic, 30-35 cm long, base 1-1.5 cm in diam., erect, upper part curving. Fl. May-Jun.
Secondary forests, below 1100 m; SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].
2. Amorphophallus pingbianensis H. Li & C. L. Long, Aroideana 11(1): 4-6. 1988.
ÆÁ±ßÄ¢Óó ping bian mo yu
Rhizome irregularly moniliform, persistent, with 2-6 segments linked together, each segments subglobose 3-5 cm in diam., dark, yellowish gray in cross-section. Leaves 2-3, from different rhizome segments, simultaneous with inflorescence, the latter emerging from leaf sheath. Petiole 80-120 cm long, 1-2 cm in diam.; green, glabrous, immaculate, usually proceeding a bud at base. Leaf rachis immaculate; leaflets oblanceolate, acuminate, 15-20 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, dark green; primary lateral veins 20-30 each side, submarginal collecting vein arising from the base, 5-8 mm distant from margin. Peduncle 10-35 cm long, 6-10 mm in diam., green, immaculate. Spathe lanceolate, 10-15 cm 3-4 cm; green purplish near margin and apex, white inside, acuminate and inrolled at apex; spadix as long as spathe, 10-15 cm long, female zone 1.5-2 cm long, 1 cm in diam.; male zone cylindric, 3-4 cm 7-8 mm; appendix elongate conic, 5.5-7 cm 7-10 mm; erect, surface slightly roughish, green or yellowish green. Ovary subglobose or semiglobose about 1.5 mm in diam., creamy white or yellowish white, unilocular, uniovulate; style distinct, 1 mm long, green; stigma discoid, ca. 0.8 mm in diam., greenish. Male flowers yellowish green, synandria sessile, thecae 1-2, opening by elliptic apical pore. Fruit pale bluish purple, oval or oval-ellipsoid. Fl. Mar.
Moist forest valley, moist shrubs in valley, moist forest along stream; 300-900 m; SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].
3. Amorphophallus coaetaneus S. Y. Liu & S. J. Wei, Guihaia 6(3): 183-186. 1986.
¹ðÆ1/2Ä¢Óó gui ping mo yu
Rhizome irregularly moniliform, persistent, consisting or several depressed-globose segments, each segment 5-12 cm in diam. Leaves 1-3: petiole 110 cm long, base 0-20 mm in diam., pale green or green, glabrous, with irregularly indistinct grayish spots; lamina with bulbils at the center, green, leaflets oblong-elliptic, upper leaflets 19-344-9 cm, apex long acuminate, base broadly cuneate, and in the base of lobes decurrent, lateral veins 8-10 each side, intramarginal veins 3. Peduncle emerging from the petiole sheath, simultaneous with the leaves, 30-60 cm long, 10-20 mm in diam, the color not different from petiole. Spathe elliptic or obovate, 6-12 cm long, upper part cymbiform, base convolute, base and limb not separated by constriction; dark purple or pale green, sometimes inside base dark purple 5.5-9.5 cm wide, apex acuminate or acute, slightly curved. Spadix much longer than spathe, 10-23 cm long, female zone cylindric 1-2.61.2-1.8 cm, male part 1.8-3.21-1.5 cm; appendix long conic, 5-171.5-3 cm, yellowish or yellowish green, smooth or with indistinct tiny verrucose. Synandria consisting of one stamen, anthers sessile, obovate-oblong, 2 mm long, ovary depressed-globose, 2-celled, 2 mm long; style 2-2.5 mm long, stigma discoid, margin undulate; berry blue. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Aug.
· Valley moist forests, moist area, waterside; Guangxi (Guiping, Rongshui).
4. Amorphophallus arnautovii Wilbert Hetterscheid, Blumea 39: 245. l994.
Ô1/2µáÄ¢Óó yue dian mo yu
Tuber depressed-globose, persistent, to 6 cm high, chained with others to form a pseudo-rhizome, dark brown. Leaf solitary or paired, persistent to 3 years; petiole to 60 cm long, smooth, turgid, uniformly dark green; lamina ca. 50 cm in diam., common base of the three main branches may develop into an intercalary bulbil. Inflorescence long-pedunculate; peduncle 33-49 cm long, 1.2-1.3 in diam., as petiole; spathe triangular or triangular-ovate, 7.5-11.5 cm long, 4.5-7 cm in diam., base shortly convolute, top acute, outside dirty green flushed with dirty brownish purple or the upper 1/2 entirely brownish purple, inside background color dirty green, at the base and along the midrib flushed dirty dark purplish, near the top less so, or the base pale green and the rest flushed with brownish purple, base within smooth or nearly smooth with a few scattered, small, punctiform warts. Spadix sessile, longer than spathe, 11-11.9 cm long. Berries 1 cm long, 8 mm in diam., 2-3-seeded, blue.
Yunnan [East central Vietnam]. Specimens not seen.
5. Amorphophallus hirtus N. E. Brown in Forbes & Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 181. 1903.
ÃÜëĢÓó mi mao mo yu
Amorphophallus niimurai Yamamoto, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agric. 5: 346. 1933.
Tuber globose or depressed-globose, 3-15 cm in diam., 2-9 cm high, whitish, turning grayish brown at exposure, seasonally renewed and producing numerous, thin, rhizomatous offset tubers, these to 3 cm long and ca, 1 cm in diam. Leaf solitary; petiole 20-100 cm long, 1-2.5 mm in diam. at the base, turgid, smooth, dark green with numerous, tiny, blackish green spots or with larger, diamond-shaped, pale grayish green spots, these filled with numerous, dark green, elongate dots; lamina 30-120 cm in diam., highly dissected; leaflets obovate or elliptic-oval, 5.5-11 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm in diam., long acuminate, succulent, upper side dark emerald green with a pinkish violet margin, venation on the upper side impressed. Inflorescence solitary, long pedunculate; peduncle as petiole, 38-125 cm long, 1-4 cm in diam. at the base; spathe campanulate, constricted between base and limb, broadly triangular, 13-53 cm long, 12-45 cm in diam., acute, base strongly convolute, obliquely urceolate, thick-walled, outside pale green faintly flushed with purple or dark grayish green with numerous pale whitish green spots, the lower ones confluent, veins dark green, inside blackish maroon, covered with numerous shortly ridgelike, laterally compressed, fleshy warts, limb horizontally spreading or obliquely upturned, margin undulate, outside pale green flushed with purple-brown or dark grayish green with angulate, whitish green spots and margins dirty purple, without spots, inside maroonish flushed with green or with numerous small, rounded, sometimes confluent, whitish greenish spots, veins maroon. Spadix much longer than spathe, stipitate, 31-88.5 cm long, stipe 2-10 mm, male and female zone separated by a narrow, sterile zone; appendix very long conic, 25-732-7 cm, entirely purple or with numerous, dirty greenish, small spots, emitting a strong smell of old socks or strong compost, top obtuse, surface with numerous, laxly disposed hairs, these directed perpendicular to the appendix axis, 2-15 mm long, purple, base not swollen. Berry globose, in nature blue. Fl. Jul.
· Dense grassland, 50-80 m; Taiwan.
A. hirtus differs from any other species in having a very long conic appendix with numerous purple hairs.
6. Amorphophallus konjac C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanzenk. 1: 262. 1858.
»ªÄ¢Óó hua mo yu
Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu, Cat. Gr. 1869; Jard. Pl. Bordeaux 7: 12. 1869 nom. nud., Carrierre, Rev. Hort. 1871: 573. 1871; A. mairei Levéillé in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 13: 259. 1914.
Tuber depressed globose, to ca. 30 cm in diam., to 20 cm high, brown, slightly glossy, seasonally renewed and producing numerous, long rhizomatous offsets with enlarged top part, these to ca. 50 cm long and ca. 3 cm in diam. Leaf solitary; petiole to 150 cm long, 3-5 cm in diam. Smooth or with scattered punctiform warts at the base, background color dirty whitish, often nearly entirely covered by large, elongate, dark green confluent spots and smaller white dots; lamina highly dissected, diam. to ca. 200 cm; leaflets elliptic, acuminate, 3-10 cm long, ca. 2-5 cm in diam., upper side dull green. Inflorescence solitary, long-pedunculate; peduncle as petiole, to ca. 1105 cm; spathe elliptic-lanceolate to broadly ovate-triangular, acute, ca. 10-6010-55 cm, base and limb ± separated by a shallow constriction, outside base dirty pale brownish with blackish green spots, near the margin flushed with purple, inside base, basal part blackish purple and densely verrucose, verrucae tiny, punctiform, upper part whitish purplish, limb erect, undulate and/or longitudinally folded, margin spreading, outside dark purplish brown with scattered blackish green spots, inside uniformly dark brown, glossy. Spadix 2 ´ as long as spathe; female zone cylindric, 63 cm, purple; male zone 82-2.3 cm; appendix long conic, 20-50(-110) cm, dark purple, Berry red. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
Forest margins and thickets, 830-1200 m; W Yunnan (wild); also widely cultivated in China [Japan and Asian tropics as an economic crop].
The tuber are used to produce konnyaku, a type of flour used as the basis for many dietary products.
7. Amorphophallus mellii Engler, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. 8: 187. 1922.
Éßǹͷ she qiang tou
Tuber globose, 3-4.5 cm, renewed seasonally. Petiole pale white, smooth, with grayish green elongate irregular, confluent spots, 25-60 cm long, 8 mm in diam.; lamina 50 cm in diam., leaflets oblique ovate, oblong, terminal one 10-153.5-4.5 cm, acuminate or acute, base cuneate, outside base decurrent, intramarginal vein remote from margin for 3-4 mm. Peduncle as petiole, 25-60 cm long 5-6 mm in diam., smooth. Spathe 106 cm in spreading, base convolute, pale green with grayish spots, upwards, greenish, inside base dark purple. Spadix nearly equaling spathe, short stipitate or not: female zone 8-205-8 mm; male zone 25-305-15 mm; appendix long fusiform, acute, base rugulose, yellowish, base with staminodes, 5-5.8 cm 7-14 mm. Anther obovate; ovary subglobose, 2-celled, style longer than ovary, stigma yellow, semiglobose, usually lobed. Berry blue, ca. 1 cm long, 2-seeded. Fl. Apr-May, mature fr. Sep.
· Secondary forests, thickets, also in limestone areas; below 1000 m. Guangdong Guangxi.
8. Amorphophallus kiusianus (Makino) Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 27: 244. 1913.
¶«ÑÇÄ¢Óó dong ya mo yu
Amorphophallus sinensis Belval, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 98. 1933.
Tuber depressed-globose, to ca. 20 cm in diam., to ca. 12 cm high. no offset development. Leaf solitary; petiole smooth, to ca. 65 cm long, ca. 4 cm in diam., glossy, dirty olive-green or grayish green, with narrowly elongate, oval or irregular whitish or very pale greenish spots and numerous tiny green dots; lamina ca. 60-90 cm in diam; leaflets elongate-elliptic to lanceolate, 6-20 cm long, 3-4.5 cm in diam., moderately to long acuminate, margin undulate, upper side bright green with a narrow pale violet margin. Inflorescence solitary, long-pedunculate; peduncle as petiole, 40-100 cm long (in fruit to ca. 120 cm long), 1.5-4 cm in diam.; spathe triangular, base rounded, 9-25 cm long, ca. 4-13 cm in diam., shallowly or clearly constricted between base and limb, limb initially oblique, then reflecting and bending downwards, margin reflexed or undulate, outside greenish pinkish or glossy dark purplish brown, with small, whitish spots, midrib and top occasionally green, margin greenish and with a narrow, reddish violet marginal line, inside pale pinkish with a purplish base or entirely dark brown, or with a greenish margin, the latter sometimes flushed pinkish, sometimes medially pale green, with rounded whitish spots, base outside dark green or dark greenish brown, with small, rounded whitish spots and blackish green veins, base within dark purple and with numerous, distant conical warts, occasionally with small, whitish spots., Spadix sessile or subsessile, shorter than, equal to, or longer than spathe, 9-22 cm long; female zone cylindric or slightly conic, 2.5-4.5 cm ´ 5-20 mm; appendix fusiform-conic or elongate fusiform, 4-16 cm 1-3 cm, acute or obtuse, entirely blackish or with scattered, tiny green spots, glossy, smooth or with shallow depressions, base grooved, otherwise naked or with scattered, thin, violet-brown hairlike staminodes, emerging from the depressions, these up to ca. 10 mm long; usually between male and female zone and on appendix short or long, flexuous hairs (staminodes). Mature berry, blue. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. May-Jul.
Secondary forest, thickets, mixed bamboo-broadleaf forests, or in shaded, semishaded, sun exposed places in plantations, orchards; 150-900 m; Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hongkong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan: Kyushu, Shikoku].
The tuber of A. kiusianus is quite poisonous and not contains glucomannan, so that the Chinese people uses the plant externally only for treatment of abscesses, snake bites and neck lymphonodotis. The tuber not used as edible plant for health food and the food industry.
9. Amorphophallus albus P. Y. Liu & J. F. Chen, Journ. SW Agric. College 1: 67-69. 1984.
°×Ä¢Óó bai mo yu
Tube subglobose, 0.7-10 cm in diam., surface purplish brown, inside white, seasonally renewed and developing several offsets; offsets rhizomatous, elongate. Leaf solitary. Petiole 40 cm 5-20 mm, pale green or green, smooth sometimes with tiny small white or dark green spots; lamina green, 60-80 cm in diam.; leaflets oblong-elliptic, abrupt acuminate, base broadly cuneate, outside decurrent, lateral veins numerous, intramarginal vein present. Peduncle as petiole, 10-30 cm 5-20 cm. Spathe cymbiform, erect and concave, long ovate, acute, outside green without any spots, inside base dark purple, upwards whitish, 7-15 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, base slightly convolute, base and limb not differentiated. Spadix equaling or slightly shorter spathe, 5-15 cm: female zone short, 1-1.51-1.3 cm, greenish, between female and male zones a sterile zone with 3-4 rows of white, sterile egglike female flowers; male zone 3-4 ca. 1 cm., whitish; contiguous or separated from male zone by a appendix cylindrical or narrowly conic, constriction, obtuse, yellow, 3.5-10 cm 7-10 mm, base constricted, surface slightly verrucose, rugulose, or smooth. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct.
· Laxy [=open?] forests, arid thickets along Jinshajiang valley, 800-1000 m.; S. Sichuan and NE Yunnan.
Differs from A. krausei Engler in having shorter peduncle without spots.
10. Amorphophallus krausei Engler, Pflanzenr. 48 (4, 23C): 94. 1911.
Î÷ÃËÄ¢Óó xi meng mo yu
Amorphophallus ximengensis H. Li, Journ. Wuhan Bot. Resear. 6(3); 212-214. 1988; A. sutepensis Gagnepain.
Tuber depressed-globose, ca. 258 cm in diam., sometimes slightly subcylindric, with a deep central depression, dirty pale yellowish, brownish or orangish, inside yellowish seasonally renewed and developing several offsets; offsets rhizomatous, long, thin, apex slightly thickened or not so, 2-27 cm long, 4-10 mm in diam. Leaf solitary; petiole smooth, 20-125 cm long, 1-3 cm in diam. (base), ground color green, at the base often pale pink or with a reddish brown or reddish hue, with many, smaller and larger, elliptic, partly or nearly entirely confluent, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, blackish green or paler green or rarely reddish brown spots and several, small, white dots, the intensity of colors and the extension of the pattern variable; lamina 100-160 cm in diam.; leaflets lanceolate, rarely elliptic, acuminate, base decurrent, 11-48 cm long, 2-11 cm in diam., upper side green or grayish green, lower side pale green. Inflorescence long pedunculate; peduncle as petiole but smaller, 25-100 cm long, 8-20 mm in diam.; spathe erect, cymbiform, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, base convolute, convolute part 4-6 cm long, top acute-acuminate, 11-33 cm long, 6-16 cm wide in spreading, outside pale green, to the base slightly darker, inside pale yellowish green, base sometimes maroonish, base inside with many, small, slightly elongate or irregularly ridge-shaped warts. Spadix nearly as long as spathe, rarely distinctly shorter or slightly longer, 8-22.5 cm long, between male and female zone developed a sterile zone; female zone cylindric, greenish, 2.8 cm long; sterile zone white, with several lows of slightly raised sterile ovate or elongate flowers (staminodes); male zone cylindric, yellow, 8.5 cm long; whether or not between male zone and appendix developed a distinct constriction, appendix above constriction conic, 8 cm long, 1.2 cm in diam. (base), white and smooth. Ovary green, style distinct, 1.5 cm long, stigma slightly 2-3 lobed. Fl. Jul-Aug.
Primary evergreen forests, forest margin, bamboo thickets, fire-prone or stream side.; below 1500 m. Young [N. Meaner and N Thailand].
The tuber is used for food production, so this species usually cultivated in Young tropic areas. The odor of A. quarries is very upsetting and is reminiscent of a gas leak.
11. Amorphophallus yuloensis H. Li, Journ. Wuhan. Bot. Resear. 6(3): 211-212. 1988.
ØüÀÖÄ¢Óó you le mo yu
Tuber depressed-globose, renewed seasonally, surface black, inside white, 4-8 (-10) cm in diam, 2.5-4.5 cm high; offsets globose. Leaf solitary petiole green without any spots or dots, smooth; lamina 80-90 cm in diam, developing one or 4 bulbils on the upper surface, leaflets oblong or ovate, acuminate or caudate, base oblique cuneate, 22-257-8 cm. Inflorescence short-pedunculate; peduncle 5-7.5 cm long, 4-8 mm in diam, green without any spots of different hue; spathe erect, cymbiform, in spreading ovate, apex rounded or acute, margin convolute, 5-75-9 cm; outside flesh-colored, back with tiny whitish and pale purple dots, inside white, base purple flush and with indistinct warts; spadix equaling or shorter than spathe, sessile, 4-5.6 cm long: female zone short, cylindric, dark purple, 7 mm long and 1-1.4 cm in diam.; male zone cylindric, yellow, 2-4 cm long, 1.4-1.8 cm in diam.; between male and sterile zones developed a constriction, appendix yellowish, conic or cylindric, apex obtuse, 1.5-2.8 cm long, 1.1-1.5 cm in diam. Ovary subsessile, stigma yellow, stigma discoid, 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Berry blue. Fl. May-Aug, fr. next Jun.
· Dense primary evergreen forests in limestone area; Valley rain forests, 220-2400 m. Yunnan.
Differs from Amorphophallus bulbifer in having green petiole without spots, shorter peduncle (5-7.5 cm long, A. bulbifer 10-70 cm long) and small spathe (5-7 cm long, for A. bulbifer to 30 cm long).
12. Amorphophallus corrugatus N. E. Brown, Kew Bull. l9l2(6): 269. l9l2.
ÌïÑôÄ¢Óó tian yang mo yu
Thomsonia sutepensis S. Y. Hu, Dansk Bot. Arkiv. 23(4): 443. 1968; Amorphophallus tianyangensis P. Y. Liu & S. L Zhang, Journ, SW Agric. Univ. Chongqing 5: 1994.
Tuber depressed-globose, dark brown, inside yellowish white, 9-13 cm in diam., 6-7 cm high, seasonally renewed developing slender, rhizomatous offsets. Leaf solitary; petiole 81-95 cm, 2-3 cm in diam. Ground color pale green or dirty white with a very faint, pale brownish hue overlain with numerous, tiny and fewer large, partly confluent, irregular, dark chocolate-brown or grayish spots; lamina 120-150 cm in diam.; leaflets oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, base long-decurrent in the most distal ones, others narrowly sessile, 13-285-9 cm; upper side green. Inflorescence long-pedunculate; peduncle 29-70 cm long, 8-25 mm in diam., colored as petiole; spathe cymbiform, in spreading elliptic-ovate, acute or obtuse, base shortly convolute, 14.5-26 cm long, 12-20 cm wide, outside grayish white, pale greenish or greenish purple, to the base with a few greenish white spots, or with gray-green or pale olive-brown spots, inside dark purple with white longitudinal streaks, smooth; spadix much shorter than spathe, 8-11 cm long, stipitate, stipe 8 mm long, 14 mm in diam.; female zone dark purple, obconic, 818 mm; male zone obconic, cream-yellow, 2.73 cm; between male and sterile zones developed a distinct constriction; appendix broadly ovate or globose, obtuse or truncate, surface strongly brainlike folded. Fl. Mar.
Primary evergreen forest, on granite bedrock, 800-1700 m; Guangxi, SE Yunnan [N Myanmar, N Thailand].
13. Amorphophallus kachinensis Engler & Gehrmann in Engler, Pflanzenr. 48 (4, 23C): 91. l9ll.
Ûº£Ä¢Óó meng hai mo yu
Amorphophallus bannaensis H. Li, Journ. Wuhan Bot. Resear. 6(3): 209-211. 1988.
Tuber depressed-globose, brown, 5-30 cm in diam., 3-5 cm high, seasonally renewed and developing globose offsets. Leaf solitary, petiole 30-50 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diam., smooth, dirty white with dark green to reddish brown spots; lamina to 100 cm in diam.; leaflets elliptic, 6-9 cm long, 2-3 cm in diam., acute, acuminate. Inflorescence solitary, long-pedunculate; peduncle 24-80 cm long, 7-10 mm in diam., ivory-white, grayish or greenish with brown or purple blotches and greenish patches; spathe concave, base shortly convolute, erect, 8-29 cm long, 7-17 cm wide, outside green or greenish brown with green spots or purplish red stripes and spots, top purple, base inside with scattered, shallow, punctiform warts. Spadix much shorter than spathe, 6.5-18 cm long, emitting an unpleasant, rancid odor; stipe 2-10 mm long, 4-10 mm in diam.; female zone dark violet, obconic, 1.5-2 cm long, male zone compressed-cylindric, yellowish, 3-3.5 cm long, 2.2-2.5 cm in diam., back and front usually developing a deep longitudinal canal separating the male part of spadix into 2 parts; constriction between male and sterile zones very distinct, appendix pyramidal or ovate, green or yellowish green, 3 cm long, 2.8 cm in diam., with several deep longitudinal grooves. Ovary subglobose, violet with distinct style (ca. 2-3 mm) and a small stigma; 1-celled, 1-seeded. Fl. Mar-Apr.
Dense climax forest, on limestone rocks, 1000-1500 m; W and S Yunnan [Laos, N Myanmar, N Thailand].
14. Amorphophllus odoratus Hetterscheid & H. Li, Blumea 39: 265. l994..
Ïã¸ÛÄ¢Óó xiang gang mo yu
Tuber subglobose or depressed-globose, to 12 cm in diam., to 10 cm high, dark brown, seasonally renewed and developing offsets, these shortly elongate-fusiform, 1-3 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diam. Leaf solitary; petiole 30-60 cm long, smooth, green or grayish green with numerous, elongate, confluent, pale green or brownish green spots; lamina to ca. 100 cm in diam.; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, to ca. 15 cm long and 8 cm in diam. Inflorescence solitary, long-peduncle, 20-60 cm long, 7-18 cm in diam.; spathe 8.5-23 cm in diam., broadly ovate, strongly concave, top acute 8.5-23 cm in diam., broadly ovate, strongly concave, top acute, overarching the spadix, base shortly convolute, outside bright pale green, basally with rounded white spots, these upwards grading to whitish green, inside base or a larger patch reddish purple, remainder and limb as outside but paler, base within ridged-verrucose. Spadix slightly shorter than spathe, stipitate or, rarely, near sessile, 8-20 cm long, producing a scent of fresh carrots.
· Hong Kong, new territories.
Amorphophallus odoratus belongs to a group of species, encompassing a. o. A. yunnanensis, A. corrugatus, A. kachinensis, A. dunnii, A. putii and A. tonkinensis. The species are characterized by the following combination of characters: a stipitate spadix (except in A. tonkinensis), a variable, conical, hollow appendix, the spadix always shorter than the spathe, a strongly concave, broadly ovate spathe. At least two species in this group develop blue berries. Amorphophallus odoratus mostly resembles A. tonkinensis but differs from the latter by the differently patterned petiole and peduncle, the stipitate spadix, the differently sculptured inside of the spathe base and the much broader and thin-walled appendix. From A. yunnanensis it differs in the much large stigmas and the often echinate appendix and the fusiform offsets.
The species group mentioned has a rather well-defined geographical range, comprising northeastern India, northern Myanmar, Northern Thailand, southern China, Laos, and northern Vietnam.
15. Amorphophallus yunnanensis Engler, Pflanzenr. 48 (4, 23C) : 109. 1911.
µáÄ¢Óó dian mo yu
Amorphophallus kerrii N. E. Brown, Kew Bull. 1912: 43. 1912.
Tuber depressed-globose, 6-13 cm in diam., and 5-9 cm high, dark brown, white or yellow inside, seasonally renewed and developing several offsets; offsets rounded or elliptic, sessile, to 1.2 cm in diam. and 2.5 cm long. Leaf solitary; petiole smooth, to dark olive-green or dark olive-brown with several rhombic or elliptic-elongate, pale whitish greenish spots, 10-80 cm long, 5-25 mm in diam.; lamina highly dissected, to 140 cm in diam.; leaflets elliptic, top acuminate, base broadly decurrent, 10-40 cm long, 5-13 cm in diam., upper dark green, often with a bluish sheen when young, margin often narrowly violet or purple, lower side paler, 1-2 cm in diam., colored and petiole; spathe erect concave, cymbiform, shortly overarching the spadix, in spreading broadly ovate, obtuse or acute, 9-29 cm long, 7-22 cm wide, base shortly convolute, inside base smooth or with a few scattered, punctiform warts, outside white or pale greenish white rarely dark green, sometimes near the base with paler, occasionally ringlike spots, or sometimes flushed with pale pinkish, the margin sometimes pinkish, inside pale greenish white without spots, limb outside dirty creamy, sometimes with faint spotting, margin sometimes pale pinkish violet, inside creamy or pale greenish white, the margin sometimes pale pinkish violet. Spadix much shorter than spathe, 3-15 cm long, stipitate or not, stipe 5-25 mm long, greenish white, with whitish spots or not; female zone cylindric, 15-3515-20 mm, violet (stiles green); male zone 15-4012-23 mm, white or violet; between male and sterile zones constriction distinct; appendix pyramidal, ovate, acute or obtuse, creamy white, violet or dark purple, 3.8-7(-10) cm long, 1.6-5 cm in diam., smooth or slightly papillose. Ovary subglobose, style green, 1.5 mm long. Berries one-or two-seeded, initially green, at maturity turning blue and finally violet. Fl. Apr-May.
Secondary evergreen forests, thickets, forest margins or mixed evergreen and deciduous forest, 200-2000 m; Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [N Thailand, N Vietnam].
16. Amorphophallus tonkinensis Engler & Gehrmann. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 48 (4, 23C): 86. 1911.
¶«3/4©Ä¢Óó dong jing mo yu
Tuber depressed-globose, 10-14 cm in diam, 6-7 high, brown, somewhat glossy. Leaf solitary; petiole 50-180 cm long, ca. 2.5 cm in diam., smooth, background color pale grayish green with a clear bluish flush near the base and on the subterranean part, spots whitish, often broader than long, large, irregularly-shaped, scattered over the entire surface short, longitudinal, blackish lines, often with tiny blackish blue dots; lamina highly dissected, ca. 110 cm in diam.; leaflets lanceolate, 8.5-24 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, long acuminate. Inflorescence solitary, long-pedunculate; peduncle as petiole, 22-50 cm long, 1 cm in diam. Spathe erect, oval, 15.5-20 cm long, 12-17 cm wide, strongly concave, cymbiform, top arching over spadix or erect, base shortly convolute, outside green with a few transverse, whitish spots, inside whitish green with small, punctiform or slightly elongate verrucose, outside limb dark green with an obscure blackish purplish flush and a few scattered, small whitish dots, inside bright green with a few small, whitish spots. Spadix sessile, shorter than spathe, 11.7-17 cm long; female cylindric, green (stigmas yellow), 2.2-2 cm; male zone cylindric, pale grayish, 3.52 cm; appendix grayish white, conic, apex obtuse, 6 cm long, 2 cm in diam. (base), 6 mm in diam. (top), surface papillose. Ovary obovate, 2.23 mm, style ca. 1 mm long, stigma pale yellow, slightly 3-lobed, 2-celled, 1-ovuled in each cell; ovule basal, anatropous, erect; synandria consisting of 2-6 stamens, anther-cell subcylindric, 1.5 mm long, opening by a terminal pore.; appendix grayish white, base violet, surface papillose, base with several sterile stampedes. Fl. May.
Dense tropical forests, in moist shade places, 760900 m; SE Yunnan [North and central Vietnam].
Differs from A. yunnanensis in having a very different petiole color-patterning, long acuminate leaflets, a sessile spadix, narrowly grayish white conic appendix. It is new to China.
17. Amorphophallus dunnii Tutchsr in Hourn. Bot. 49: 273. 1911.
ÄÏÉß°ô nan she bang
Tuber subglobose, ca. 10 cm in diam., 8 cm high, brownish pink, top slightly concave or nearly not depressed. Leaf solitary; petiole 50-80 cm long, 2.3 cm in diam., background color dark green or bluish green with irregularly-shaped, different size, whitish spots, on spots scattered some tiny bluish dots; lamina green, dissected, ca. 90 cm in diam., leaflets lanceolate or oblanceolate 7-143-4.5 cm, abrupt acuminate, base cuneate, one side decurrent. Inflorescence solitary, long pedunculate; peduncle as petiole, 40-60 cm long, 1.4-2 cm in diam. Spathe erect, strongly concave, cymbiform, long ovate or oblong, 12-26 cm long, 14 cm wide, base very shortly convolute, top obtuse, arching over spadix; outside bluish green, scattered whitish spots; inside base purple, smooth with some small black dots; upwards, greenish to green with many whitish but obscure spots; spadix shorter than spathe, erect, shortly stipitate or subsessile; female zone cylindric, yellowish, 1.4-4.51-3; appendix conic, ovate, greenish white, 4.5-145.5-6.5 cm, (base), acuminate, top obtuse, smooth. Ovary obovate, 1-2.5 mm long, style 0.3-0.5 mm, stigma capitate, slightly 2-3-4-lobed. Berry blue, cylindric, 104 mm; seed one, black, cylindric, ca. 8 mm long. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
· Dense evergreen forests, 220-800 m; Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan and Yunnan.
18. Amorphophallus nanus H. Li & C. L. Long, Aroideana 11 (1): 8-9. 1988.
°«Ä¢Óó ai mo yu
Tuber depressed-globose, 10-15 cm in diam., surface dark brown, in cross-section white. Leaf solitary, petiole 40-60 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diam., pale green or medium green, glabrous, with irregularly darker green spots, spots longitudinally elliptic, ovate or irregular; lamina green, ca. 110 cm in diam., strongly dissected, leaflets ovate, elliptic, oblong or sometimes lanceolate, 6-12 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, acuminate, submarginal collecting vein extending all along the margin, 2-5 mm distant from margin. Inflorescence solitary, long pedunculate; peduncle as petiole, short, 4-14 cm long, 1.5-3 cm in diam. Spathe oblique funnelform, or campanulate, broadly oblong, or broadly ovate, 13-30 cm long, 8-14 cm wide, acute or obtuse, base convolute, limb spreading, horizontally extended, outside base greenish with dark purple dots or white with greenish dots, limb purple, pale yellow, yellowish white or white, scattered some small black or dark green dots; inside greenish white or white, pinkish, base purple with numerous tiny warts. Spadix shorter or equaling and somewhat longer than spathe, 16-22(-26) cm long; stipitate or sessile; female zone cylindric, 3-4 cm long, 2-2.5 cm in diam., yellowish; male zone obconic 2-3 cm long, 2-2.8 cm in diam., purplish or pale yellow; appendix fusiform, above medium narrowing, downwards attenuated, 10-15 cm long, medium 1.5-4.5 cm in diam., dark purple, or yellow, surface smooth, slightly verrucose, sometimes with several longitudinally grooves. Ovary subglobose or depressed-globose, 1.5 mm in diam., style purple, 3-4 mm long, stigma capitate, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, Synandria consisting of a single stamen, anther-cells cylindric, sessile, opening by apical pore. Fl. Apr.
· Secondary forests, thickets; 190-1200 m. Yunnan.
Differs from A. konjac in having a very short peduncle (4-14 cm long), a short spadix which usually shorter than spathe and a fusiform spadix.
19. Amorphopallus henryi N. E. Brown in Forbes & Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 181. 1903.
̨ÍåÄ¢Óó tai wan mo yu
Amorphophallus niimurai Yamamoto.; Journ. Soc. Trop. Agric. 5: 346. 1933.
Tuber depressed-globose, 3-11 cm in diam., 2-6 cm high, dark brown, seasonally renewed and producing several subglobose, offset tubers, these ca. 5-10 mm in diam. Leaf solitary; petiole smooth, 30-60 cm long, ca. 1-2 cm in diam., mid-or dark green with or without numerous small white dots in between, surface dull or moderately glossy; lamina moderately or highly dissected, 30-100 cm in diam., leaflets elliptic-ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, 4-26 cm long, 1.5-5.5 cm in diam., acuminate or elongate acuminate, upper surface mid-or dark green, dull or glossy, margin initially reddish pink, later usually turning green or whitish, lower surface pale green. Inflorescence solitary, short pedunculate; peduncle as petiole, 4-20 cm long, 8-1.5 cm in diam., lengthening in fruit; spathe campanulate, constricted between base and limb, broadly triangular-ovate, 9-23 cm long, 8-22 cm in dam., acute or obtuse, base strongly convolute, thick-walled, outside glossy pale green, with or without a few small paler spots, inside dark maroon, near the constriction dirty whitish or greenish purple, limb horizontal, irregularly undulate, outside pale green with a variable pinkish purplish hue, maroon near the margin greenish or pale purplish, venation strongly impressed, the base within densely covered with large, irregular verrucae. Spadix sessile, longer than spathe, 20-45 cm long, male and female zone continuous or separated by a short (ca. 5 mm), (partly) sterile zone; female zone cylindric or slightly conic, 1.5-4 cm long, 2-2.5 cm in diam. (include. styles), flower congested or all or partly, ± remote; male zone ± obconic, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 9-15 mm in diam. at the base, 1.5-2.5 cm at the top, free or fused in the upper part into low-angled spirals; sterile zone with variously transformed male flowers (staminodes), sometimes intermixed with a few sterile remnants of bisexual flowers, often accompanied by all possible transitional stages from the adjacent zones; appendix elongate fusiform, producing a small of decaying meat or cow dung at female anthesis, 15-36 cm long, 1.4-2 cm in diam. near the base, 1.8-4 cm in diam. at 1/3 from the base, top obtuse to acute, pale or dark brown, surface with regular or irregular, shallow, strongly wrinkled or elongate depressions, with or without short, pale or dark purplish or whitish hairs (0.5-2.5 mm long). Ovary depressed, style slender, 2-3 mm long, stigma 2-3(-4) lobed; synandria consisting of (2-)3-6 stamens; anthers opening by an apical pore. Berry elliptic, blue or violet, 1-or 2-seeded. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jur.
· Broadleaf forests, mixed forests, bamboo plantations and orchards, in heavily to lightly shaded places, in thin soils on limestone bedrock or in karstic areas; 20-660 m alt.; Taiwan.
20. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennstaedt) Nicolson, Taxon 26 (2/3): 338. 1977.
ðà±úÄ¢Óó you bing mo yu
Dracontium paeoniifolium Dennstaedt, Schl. Hort. Ind. Mal. 13, 21, 38 (paeoniaefolium). 1818; Amorphophallus campanulatus Decaisne non Roxburgh; A. virosus N. E. Brown; A. gigantiflorus Hayata; A. bangkokensis Gagnepain; A. microappendiculatus Engler; A. dubius Blume; A. sativus Blume; A. decurrens (Blanco) Kunth; A. chatty Andre; A. malaccensis Ridley; A. dixenii Larsen & Larsen.
Tuber depressed-globose, to 50 cm in diam., 25 cm high, brown or dark brown, root scars prominent, annulate, offsets produced every season, these thick rhizomatous, to ca. 10 cm long, ca. 4 cm in diam. Leaf solitary or two; petiole to ca. 2 m long and ca. 20 cm in diam., background color pale to dark green or blackish green, usually with large and small pale blotches and numerous tiny dark dots, the large blotches often confluent, especially near the base, surface shallowly corrugate to strongly echinate-verrucose; lamina highly dissected, to ca. 3 m in diam.; leaflets rounded, oval, ovate, obovate, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, 3-35 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, upper surface mid-green, lower surface mid-green or pale green. Inflorescence short-peduncle; peduncle 3-20 cm long, ca. 1-8 cm in diam., usually paler and smoother than petiole; spathe campanulate, broader than long, 10-40 cm long, 15-60 in diam., base and limb often separated by a shallow constriction, base strongly convolute, very thick-walled, outside pale green or brownish with a few whitish, rounded spots, inside maroon, near the constriction dirty orangish yellowish or pale green, limb horizontally spreading, collar-shaped or lotus-leaf-shaped, strongly undulate, outside dirty brownish purplish with some pale spots, inside glossy dark maroon, sometimes with a glaucous sheen, base within densely verrucose, verrucae large, irregular, mostly conical, fleshy. Spadix sessile, equaling or longer than spathe, 20-40 cm long; female zone cylindric, 5-15 cm long, 2.5-8 cm in diam. (include. style), pale green, flowers congested or slightly remote; male zone strongly obconic, the upper part roofed against the broad base of the appendix, 2-8 cm long, 1.5-6.5 cm in diam. at the base, 3-10 cm in diam. at the top, yellowish, flowers congested; appendix irregularly globose-conic, producing a smell of decaying meat at anthesis up to ca. 20 cm long, ca. 20 cm in diam., at the base, top somewhat obtuse, pale or dark purplish brown, surface irregularly, shallowly or deeply folded, minutely verrucose. Ovary depressed or depressed-globose, 4-5 mm in diam., ca. 2.5 mm high, base white, rest maroonish or pale green, 2-3-locular, one basal ovule per locule; style very long and slender, 7-11 mm long, 1.5 mm in diam., maroon, stigma large, capitate, 4-2.5 mm in diam., ca. 3 mm high, 2-3-4-lobed, lobes conic, obtuse, obtuse, surface pale yellowish white, densely verrucose-scabrid. Male flowers (synandrium) consisting of 2-6 stamens (in Yunnan), stamen narrowly elongate, 3-5 mm long, 1.5 mm in diam., ivory white to yellow; filaments extremely short, connate; anthers narrowly elongate, ca. 4.5-5 mm long, top truncate; pores spical [=?], elongate; pollen orange, exine smooth. Infructescence long pedunculate; peduncle cylindric, indistinct 3-angulate, 25-40 cm long, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; glossy brown, verrucose; fruit spadix cylindric, 16-20 cm long, up to 7 cm in diam. Berry oblong-elliptic, orange to red, 2.5-3 cm long, 1.7-2 cm in diam., top truncate with a persistent black, circular style scar, 2-celled, 1 seed per cell. Seed elongate, brown, smooth, 1.40.7 cm. Fl. Apr-May, mature fr. Oct-Nov.
Tropical conditions, secondary forests, shrub forests, grasslands in arid valley areas, also cultivated in tropics; below 750 m; Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and Yunnan [from Madagascar, eastwards tropical Asia to Polynesia and Northern Australia].
The plants are widely cultivated as a root crop for feeding animals.
21. Amorphophallus stipitatus Engler, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin. 8: 457. 1923.
¹£ÐòÄ¢Óó geng xu mo yu
Tuber globose. Leaf solitary; petiole smooth, pale green with dark green spots, 30 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diam.; lamina dissected, leaflets long lanceolate, 10-153-4 cm, long acuminate, base oblique, outside decurrent. Inflorescence pedunculate, peduncle short, ca. 3-5 cm long, pale green, with olive-green spots. Spathe oblong, 12 cm long, 4-4.5 cm wide, slightly concave, base convolute, outside pale whitish, inside base violet purple. Spadix much shorter than spathe, ca. 8.5 cm long, stipitate; stipe 2 cm long, female zone obconic, 1.5 cm long; male zone cylindric, 2 cm long, appendix conic, 5 cm long, 1.25 cm in diam. & the base, pale whitish. Stamen tetragonal, truncate at the top, yellow; ovary dark violet, subglobose, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm in diam., style as long as ovary; stigma capitate, slightly lobed.
· Guangdong (the specimen not seen by me).
| | |
|
|
|
頂端 
加到"我的最愛"
主題管理：
總固頂 
取消總固頂 
Message
查看
搜尋
通訊錄
複製
引用
回覆
此主題相關圖片如下：
按此查看圖片詳細資料
2004/06/18 07:04pm 
IP: 已設定保密
